What is Quantum computer? || You me and I.T

Computers are used in many places, it is very difficult to think without a computer. Changes in technology have been taking place for many years. In such a situation, know about a new technology "what is quantum computer", "is quantum computing the future" and "How quantum computers work".

What is Quantum computer

The computer, which uses quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement to perform  computation, is called Quantum computing. The computers we are using today, smartphones, cameras, laptops, even the government that uses super computers. They all are a classical computer. We are taking advantage of every day classical computers. By the way, we do all our important work easily. But there are many problems, which today's system will never be able to solve. There is not necessary computational power in the world to do some complex operations.So we need such computers, which can do such tasks fast. Quantum computing are very fast. And can do such tasks easily.

How do your  Classical computer work

First, know how classical computers work. Well, computers have many parts, but the processor is the part that calculates all of the computer. The smallest part in the processor is the transistor. Such trillions of transistors are inside a processor. The computer understands only two numbers, "0" and "1" which is called binary number. Meaning "1" is understood if the transistor is on, and "0" if off. Any software that you use, or play a game, the computer processes it in binary numbers only. The smallest data that a computer can process is called a bit. The bit can be "0", or it can be "1".

How quantum computers work

Quantum computers work on the principle of Quantum mechanics. It works in Qubits instead of "bits".  So question arises that "What is a Qubits?". Qubits are also called quantum bits. Common computers work in bits. The bit can either be 0, or it can be 1 at the same time. But Qubit works on state. It can be in both 0 and 1 state at the same time. Because of this the quantum computer is able to do a lot of calculations simultaneously. And this makes it faster. Till these Qubits are not observed, they are in all possible states simultaneously. Which is called spinning state. Instead of measuring the spinning state from 1 and 0, three states named "up", "down", and "both" are measured. Quantum-mechanical phenomena such as superposition and entanglement are used to create the state of these Qubit.
There are many ways in which qubit can be created. One method of which is to create and maintain a quantum state using superconductivity. To work for extended periods of time with superconducting qubits, they have to be kept at very cold temperatures. Any heat in the system can cause an error. Hence Quantum computers are run in vacuum at absolute zero temperature.

What is quantum supremacy

This is a term given in 2012 by Professor Jhon Preskill of theoretical physics. We have a lot of information about quantum computing in theory, but we are still far away to create and use it in reality. We still cannot use it commercially. When we create such a quantum computer that, leaving today's computers behind, then we can say that we have achieved quantum supremacy.

Something similar has been done by google company a while back. By 2018, Google has made a 72 Qubit processor named Quantum Processor Bristlecone. Google says that they have made such a processor. Which can do the complex calculation in 200 seconds, which would have taken 10,000 years for classical computers. This proves that we can use quantum technology. IBM, Intel, Microsoft companies and many startups like D-wave are also engaged in making quantum computers. This technology is still in its early phase, and will take a lot of time to come into the market.

Possibilities

Due to performing many calculations at the same time, it can be used in Artificial Intelligence and machine learning. Today's security system is a big threat from quantum computers. Because it can break encryption easily. In 1994, Peter Shor created a quantum algorithm to factor integers, which can decrypt today's secure communication. Similarly, strong encryption can also be created.